Cutting speed chart (SFM)

    Starting surface speeds for milling and turning common shop materials with HSS and carbide tooling, with milling chip loads. Your tool supplier's data and your machine's limits always come first.

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    Surface speed (SFM) and milling chip load by material
    MaterialHardness (HB)Milling HSSMilling carbideTurning HSSTurning carbideChip load (in/tooth)
    6061-T6 aluminumT680–110165500–1100500–600820–65500.0025–0.0045
    7075-T6 aluminumT6135–175165500–1100500–600820–65500.0025–0.0045
    1018 low-carbon steelAs supplied / normalized110–18065–110250–500125–215810–16500.0020–0.0040
    1045 medium-carbon steelNormalized160–23025–100200–40055–180710–15000.0015–0.0035
    4140 alloy steelAnnealed170–24035–100200–40070–200710–15000.0015–0.0035
    4140 alloy steel · prehardenedQuenched & tempered260–34020–40150–35030–60455–8300.0010–0.0020
    304 stainless steelAnnealed140–21070–75250–350115–135620–9500.0010–0.0020
    316 stainless steelAnnealed145–21540–60250–35060–100620–9500.0010–0.0020
    A2 tool steelAnnealed only180–24040–50150–40080–125500–9800.0012–0.0025
    Gray cast iron · Class 30As cast160–24070–100150–350145–215990–14500.0020–0.0040
    C360 free-cutting brassHalf-hard80–150100–200300–500300–350205–16500.0025–0.0035
    12L14 free-machining steelCold drawn120–200110–140250–500200–260810–16500.0020–0.0040
    D2 tool steelAnnealed180–255—150–400—500–9800.0012–0.0025
    Ductile iron 65-45-12As supplied150–230—100–300—810–12000.0015–0.0030
    C110 copperTemper varies40–110—400–1000—125–9800.0025–0.0035
    A356 cast aluminumT660–100165400–950600–750820–65500.0025–0.0045
    Ti-6Al-4V titanium · Grade 5Annealed280–360—80–220—170–2550.0008–0.0017
    Inconel 718 nickel alloySolution annealed160–250—100–300—75–2350.0010–0.0020
    D2 hardened tool steelHardened · typical 58–62 HRC58–62—————
    1006 SteelHot rolled / cold drawn90–12065–110250–500125–215810–16500.0020–0.0040
    1008 SteelHot rolled / cold drawn90–12565–110250–500125–215810–16500.0020–0.0040
    1010 SteelHot rolled / cold drawn95–13065–110250–500125–215810–16500.0020–0.0040
    1015 SteelHot rolled / cold drawn100–14065–110250–500125–215810–16500.0020–0.0040
    1020 SteelHot rolled / cold drawn110–15065–110250–500125–215810–16500.0020–0.0040
    1022 SteelHot rolled / cold drawn115–15565–110250–500125–215810–16500.0020–0.0040
    1025 SteelHot rolled115–16065–110250–500125–215810–16500.0020–0.0040
    A36 SteelHot rolled plate119–16265–110250–500125–215810–16500.0020–0.0040
    A572 Grade 50 SteelHot rolled plate140–180—250–500—810–16500.0020–0.0040
    A516 Grade 70 SteelNormalized plate140–180—250–500—810–16500.0020–0.0040
    1030 SteelHot rolled / normalized130–18025–100200–40055–180710–15000.0015–0.0035
    1035 SteelHot rolled / normalized140–19025–100200–40055–180710–15000.0015–0.0035
    1040 SteelHot rolled / normalized150–20025–100200–40055–180710–15000.0015–0.0035
    1042 SteelHot rolled / normalized150–20525–100200–40055–180710–15000.0015–0.0035
    1050 SteelHot rolled / normalized170–23025–100200–40055–180710–15000.0015–0.0035
    1055 SteelHot rolled180–230—200–400—680–14000.0015–0.0035
    1060 SteelAnnealed170–220—200–400—680–14000.0015–0.0035
    1070 SteelAnnealed175–225—200–400—680–14000.0015–0.0035
    1080 SteelAnnealed180–230—200–400—680–14000.0015–0.0035
    1095 SteelAnnealed180–230—200–400—680–14000.0015–0.0035
    1117 SteelCold drawn120–170115–130250–500215–235810–16500.0020–0.0040
    1118 SteelCold drawn125–175115–130250–500215–235810–16500.0020–0.0040
    1137 SteelCold drawn160–21035–70200–40070–215710–15000.0015–0.0035
    1141 SteelCold drawn165–21535–70200–40070–215710–15000.0015–0.0035
    1144 SteelCold drawn170–23035–70200–40070–215710–15000.0015–0.0035
    1144 Stressproof SteelStress relieved, cold drawn230–28035–70150–35070–215455–8300.0010–0.0020
    1212 SteelCold drawn140–180130–140250–500270–290810–16500.0020–0.0040
    1213 SteelCold drawn140–180130–140250–500270–290810–16500.0020–0.0040
    1215 SteelCold drawn140–180130–140250–500270–290810–16500.0020–0.0040
    11L17 SteelCold drawn120–170110–140250–500200–260810–16500.0020–0.0040
    4130 SteelAnnealed / normalized150–220—200–400—710–15000.0015–0.0035
    4142 SteelAnnealed180–240—200–400—710–15000.0015–0.0035
    4150 SteelAnnealed180–24535–100200–40070–200710–15000.0015–0.0035
    4340 SteelAnnealed200–250—200–400—710–15000.0015–0.0035
    4620 SteelAnnealed / hot rolled150–200—200–400—710–15000.0015–0.0035
    4820 SteelAnnealed180–240—200–400—710–15000.0015–0.0035
    5120 SteelAnnealed150–200—200–400—710–15000.0015–0.0035
    5140 SteelAnnealed170–230—200–400—710–15000.0015–0.0035
    52100 SteelSpheroidize annealed180–220—200–400—620–13000.0015–0.0035
    6150 SteelAnnealed180–230—200–400—710–15000.0015–0.0035
    8620 SteelAnnealed / hot rolled150–200—200–400—710–15000.0015–0.0035
    8640 SteelAnnealed180–230—200–400—710–15000.0015–0.0035
    9310 SteelAnnealed180–240—200–400—710–15000.0015–0.0035
    41L40 SteelAnnealed180–230—200–400—710–15000.0015–0.0035
    4130 Steel · Q&TQuenched & tempered250–300—150–350—455–8300.0010–0.0020
    4340 Steel · Q&T 28-32 HRCQuenched & tempered270–320—150–350—455–8300.0010–0.0020
    4340 Steel · Q&T 36-40 HRCQuenched & tempered330–370—150–350—365–6700.0010–0.0020
    4140 Steel · Q&T 35-38 HRCQuenched & tempered330–360—150–350—365–6700.0010–0.0020
    300M SteelAnnealed for machining220–270—200–400—710–15000.0015–0.0035
    4150 Steel · Q&TQuenched & tempered270–320—150–350—455–8300.0010–0.0020
    8620 Steel · Q&T coreQuenched & tempered (core)240–290—150–350—455–8300.0010–0.0020
    A6 Tool SteelAnnealed200–24040–50150–40080–125500–9800.0012–0.0025
    D3 Tool SteelAnnealed210–250—150–400—500–9800.0012–0.0025
    O1 Tool SteelAnnealed185–21550150–400125500–9800.0012–0.0025
    O2 Tool SteelAnnealed185–22050150–400125500–9800.0012–0.0025
    W1 Tool SteelAnnealed160–20085150–400180500–9800.0012–0.0025
    S7 Tool SteelAnnealed180–230—150–400—500–9800.0012–0.0025
    H11 Tool SteelAnnealed190–230—150–400—500–9800.0012–0.0025
    H13 Tool SteelAnnealed190–230—150–400—500–9800.0012–0.0025
    M2 High-Speed SteelAnnealed210–255—150–400—500–9800.0012–0.0025
    M42 High-Speed SteelAnnealed230–270—150–400—500–9800.0012–0.0025
    L6 Tool SteelAnnealed180–225—150–400—500–9800.0012–0.0025
    P20 Mold SteelPrehardened 28-32 HRC270–320—150–350—455–8300.0010–0.0020
    420 Mold Steel (prehard)Prehardened 30-34 HRC280–330—200–300—275–4750.0008–0.0017
    WCB Cast Carbon SteelAs cast / normalized137–187—200–400—430–7900.0015–0.0035
    LCC Cast Carbon SteelNormalized and tempered140–190—200–400—430–7900.0015–0.0035
    4130 Cast SteelNormalized and tempered180–230—200–400—330–6900.0015–0.0035
    8630 Cast SteelNormalized and tempered190–240—200–400—330–6900.0015–0.0035
    High-Alloy Cast SteelAnnealed200–250—150–400—295–6000.0012–0.0025
    303 Stainless SteelAnnealed160–230—250–350—620–9500.0010–0.0020
    304L Stainless SteelAnnealed140–20070–75250–350115–135620–9500.0010–0.0020
    302 Stainless SteelAnnealed150–21070–75250–350115–135620–9500.0010–0.0020
    301 Stainless SteelAnnealed150–21070–75250–350115–135620–9500.0010–0.0020
    201 Stainless SteelAnnealed170–23070–75250–350115–135620–9500.0010–0.0020
    316L Stainless SteelAnnealed140–210—250–350—620–9500.0010–0.0020
    317L Stainless SteelAnnealed150–215—250–350—620–9500.0010–0.0020
    321 Stainless SteelAnnealed150–21570–75250–350115–135620–9500.0010–0.0020
    347 Stainless SteelAnnealed150–21570–75250–350115–135620–9500.0010–0.0020
    309 Stainless SteelAnnealed150–215—250–350—620–9500.0010–0.0020
    310 Stainless SteelAnnealed150–215—250–350—620–9500.0010–0.0020
    904L Stainless SteelAnnealed150–210—250–350—325–5200.0010–0.0020
    254 SMO Stainless SteelAnnealed180–230—250–350—325–5200.0010–0.0020
    Nitronic 50Annealed220–280—200–300—325–5200.0008–0.0017
    Nitronic 60Annealed190–240—200–300—325–5200.0008–0.0017
    CF8 Cast StainlessSolution annealed140–190—250–350—455–7200.0010–0.0020
    CF8M Cast StainlessSolution annealed150–200—250–350—455–7200.0010–0.0020
    409 Stainless SteelAnnealed130–180—250–350—650–8500.0010–0.0020
    430 Stainless SteelAnnealed150–190—250–350—650–8500.0010–0.0020
    430F Stainless SteelAnnealed150–190—250–350—650–8500.0010–0.0020
    434 Stainless SteelAnnealed150–190—250–350—650–8500.0010–0.0020
    446 Stainless SteelAnnealed160–210—250–350—650–8500.0010–0.0020
    410 Stainless SteelAnnealed150–200—250–350—650–8500.0010–0.0020
    416 Stainless SteelAnnealed150–210—250–350—650–8500.0010–0.0020
    420 Stainless SteelAnnealed180–230—250–350—650–8500.0010–0.0020
    431 Stainless SteelAnnealed200–260—250–350—650–8500.0010–0.0020
    440A Stainless SteelAnnealed200–240—250–350—650–8500.0010–0.0020
    440C Stainless SteelAnnealed210–250—250–350—650–8500.0010–0.0020
    CA6NM Cast StainlessNormalized and tempered220–285—250–350—550–8200.0010–0.0020
    410 Stainless Steel · HardenedHardened and tempered280–360—200–300—275–4750.0008–0.0017
    416 Stainless Steel · HardenedHardened and tempered260–340—200–300—275–4750.0008–0.0017
    17-4 PH stainlessCondition A250–363—200–300—260–4250.0008–0.0017
    17-4 PH Stainless · H900Aged H900 (40-47 HRC)375–440—200–300—260–4250.0008–0.0017
    17-4 PH Stainless · H1150Overaged H1150270–320—200–300—260–4250.0008–0.0017
    15-5 PH StainlessCondition A280–363—200–300—260–4250.0008–0.0017
    13-8 Mo PH StainlessCondition A280–360—200–300—260–4250.0008–0.0017
    17-7 PH StainlessCondition A180–230—250–350—620–9500.0010–0.0020
    2205 duplex stainlessSolution annealed200–293—200–300—390–6200.0008–0.0017
    2507 Super Duplex StainlessSolution annealed240–310—200–300—390–6200.0008–0.0017
    LDX 2101 Lean DuplexSolution annealed210–260—200–300—470–7200.0008–0.0017
    Gray Cast Iron · Class 20As cast150–19070–100150–350145–215990–14500.0020–0.0040
    Gray Cast Iron · Class 25As cast160–21070–100150–350145–215990–14500.0020–0.0040
    Gray Cast Iron · Class 35As cast190–23070–100150–350145–215990–14500.0020–0.0040
    Gray Cast Iron · Class 40As cast200–24070–100100–300145–215800–11500.0015–0.0030
    Gray Cast Iron · Class 45As cast210–250—100–300—800–11500.0015–0.0030
    Gray Cast Iron · Class 50As cast220–260—100–300—800–11500.0015–0.0030
    Ductile Iron 60-40-18Annealed / as cast ferritic140–180—100–300—810–12000.0015–0.0030
    Ductile Iron 80-55-06As cast pearlitic190–260—100–300—730–10500.0015–0.0030
    Ductile Iron 100-70-03Normalized pearlitic240–300—100–300—730–10500.0015–0.0030
    Ductile Iron 120-90-02Quenched and tempered (martensitic)270–380—100–300—550–8000.0015–0.0030
    Malleable Iron 32510Ferritic110–156—150–350—860–12500.0020–0.0040
    Pearlitic Malleable Iron 50005Pearlitic180–241—150–350—700–10500.0020–0.0040
    1100 AluminumO / H1423–35—500–1100—820–65500.0025–0.0045
    3003 AluminumH1435–45—500–1100—820–65500.0025–0.0045
    5052 AluminumH3255–65165500–1100500–600820–65500.0025–0.0045
    5083 AluminumH116 / O70–85165500–1100500–600820–65500.0025–0.0045
    5086 AluminumH3265–80165500–1100500–600820–65500.0025–0.0045
    2011 AluminumT390–100—500–1100—820–65500.0025–0.0045
    2014 AluminumT6125–140—500–1100—820–65500.0025–0.0045
    2024 AluminumT3 / T351110–130—500–1100—820–65500.0025–0.0045
    6063 AluminumT5 / T660–75165500–1100500–600820–65500.0025–0.0045
    6082 AluminumT690–100165500–1100500–600820–65500.0025–0.0045
    7050 AluminumT7451135–150165500–1100500–600820–65500.0025–0.0045
    7068 AluminumT6511150–175165500–1100500–600820–65500.0025–0.0045
    7178 AluminumT6150–170165500–1100500–600820–65500.0025–0.0045
    MIC-6 Cast Aluminum PlateStress relieved cast plate60–70165400–950600–750820–65500.0025–0.0045
    319 Cast AluminumAs cast / T670–95165400–950600–750820–65500.0025–0.0045
    355 Cast AluminumT670–90165400–950600–750820–65500.0025–0.0045
    A380 Die-Cast AluminumAs die cast75–85165400–950600–750820–65500.0025–0.0045
    383 Die-Cast AluminumAs die cast70–80165400–950600–750820–65500.0025–0.0045
    413 Die-Cast AluminumAs die cast75–85165400–950600–750820–65500.0025–0.0045
    535 Cast AluminumAs cast60–75165400–950600–750820–65500.0025–0.0045
    390 Hypereutectic Cast AluminumAs cast / T6110–140165400–950600–750125–9800.0025–0.0045
    4032 AluminumT6115–125—500–1100—190–15000.0025–0.0045
    C345 BrassHalf hard90–140—300–500—205–16500.0025–0.0035
    C385 Architectural BronzeAs extruded90–140—300–500—205–16500.0025–0.0035
    C145 Tellurium CopperH0280–110—400–1000—205–16500.0025–0.0035
    C932 Bearing BronzeAs cast60–75—250–400—205–16500.0018–0.0030
    C836 Leaded Red BrassAs cast55–70—250–400—205–16500.0018–0.0030
    C260 Cartridge BrassHalf hard100–150—300–500—205–16500.0025–0.0035
    C464 Naval BrassHalf hard120–160—300–500—205–16500.0025–0.0035
    C230 Red BrassHalf hard90–130—300–500—205–16500.0025–0.0035
    C272 Yellow BrassHalf hard100–140—300–500—205–16500.0025–0.0035
    C101 Oxygen-Free CopperH0250–90—400–1000—125–9800.0025–0.0035
    C182 Chromium CopperPrecipitation hardened130–170—400–1000—125–9800.0025–0.0035
    C172 Beryllium CopperSolution annealed / aged180–380—250–400—125–9800.0018–0.0030
    C954 Aluminum BronzeAs cast150–190—250–400—125–9800.0018–0.0030
    C630 Nickel Aluminum BronzeAs extruded180–220—250–400—125–9800.0018–0.0030
    C510 Phosphor BronzeHalf hard120–170—250–400—125–9800.0018–0.0030
    C655 Silicon BronzeHalf hard100–15030–80250–400200–250125–9800.0018–0.0030
    C675 Manganese BronzeAs extruded130–18030–80250–400200–250125–9800.0018–0.0030
    C863 Manganese Bronze (cast)As cast180–225—250–400—125–9800.0018–0.0030
    Delrin (Acetal)Extruded0—400–1000——0.0025–0.0060
    Acetal CopolymerExtruded0—400–1000——0.0025–0.0060
    PEEKExtruded0—400–1000——0.0025–0.0060
    PEEK 30% Glass-FilledExtruded0—400–1000——0.0025–0.0060
    UHMW PolyethyleneExtruded0—400–1000——0.0025–0.0060
    HDPEExtruded0—400–1000——0.0025–0.0060
    Nylon 6/6Extruded0—400–1000——0.0025–0.0060
    PTFE (Teflon)Molded0—400–1000——0.0025–0.0060
    PVCExtruded0—400–1000——0.0025–0.0060
    PolycarbonateExtruded0—400–1000——0.0025–0.0060
    AcrylicCast / extruded0—400–1000——0.0025–0.0060
    ABSExtruded0—400–1000——0.0025–0.0060
    PolypropyleneExtruded0—400–1000——0.0025–0.0060
    Ultem (PEI)Extruded0—400–1000——0.0025–0.0060
    Torlon (PAI)Extruded0—400–1000——0.0025–0.0060
    PPS (Ryton)Extruded0—400–1000——0.0025–0.0060
    Inconel 600Annealed150–210—100–300—75–2350.0010–0.0020
    Inconel 601Annealed150–210—100–300—75–2350.0010–0.0020
    Inconel 625Annealed180–260—100–300—75–2350.0010–0.0020
    Inconel 718 · AgedSolution treated and aged (36-44 HRC)330–410—100–300—70–2150.0010–0.0020
    Inconel X-750Aged280–360—100–300—70–2150.0010–0.0020
    Inconel 713C (cast)As cast280–340—100–300—60–1900.0010–0.0020
    Inconel 738 (cast)Cast and aged300–360—100–300—60–1900.0010–0.0020
    Hastelloy XSolution annealed170–230—100–300—75–2350.0010–0.0020
    Hastelloy C-276Solution annealed180–240—100–300—75–2350.0010–0.0020
    Hastelloy C-22Solution annealed180–240—100–300—75–2350.0010–0.0020
    WaspaloySolution treated and aged330–400—100–300—70–2150.0010–0.0020
    René 41Aged330–400—100–300—70–2150.0010–0.0020
    Nimonic 80AAged280–350—100–300—70–2150.0010–0.0020
    Monel 400Annealed110–150—100–300—75–2350.0010–0.0020
    Monel K-500Aged250–320—100–300—70–2150.0010–0.0020
    Incoloy 825Annealed140–200—100–300—75–2350.0010–0.0020
    Incoloy 800Annealed130–180—100–300—180–3950.0010–0.0020
    Incoloy 800HTAnnealed120–170—100–300—180–3950.0010–0.0020
    A286 Iron-Base SuperalloyAged250–320—100–300—155–3150.0010–0.0020
    A286 · Solution TreatedSolution treated140–200—100–300—180–3950.0010–0.0020
    Haynes 188Solution annealed200–270———95–295—
    L-605 (Haynes 25)Solution annealed220–280———95–295—
    MP35NWork hardened and aged300–400———85–265—
    Stellite 6 (cast)As cast380–440———75–235—
    Titanium Grade 1 (CP)Annealed110–130—100–250—425–6100.0010–0.0020
    Titanium Grade 2 (CP)Annealed145–175—100–250—425–6100.0010–0.0020
    Titanium Grade 4 (CP)Annealed190–220—100–250—425–6100.0010–0.0020
    Ti-6Al-4V · STASolution treated and aged340–380—80–220—155–2450.0008–0.0017
    Ti-6Al-4V ELI (Grade 23)Annealed300–350—80–220—170–2550.0008–0.0017
    Ti-6Al-2Sn-4Zr-2MoAnnealed300–350—80–220—170–2550.0008–0.0017
    Ti-3Al-2.5V (Grade 9)Annealed230–280—80–220—170–2550.0008–0.0017
    Ti-5553 Beta TitaniumSolution treated and aged360–410—80–220—155–2450.0008–0.0017
    Ti-10V-2Fe-3AlSolution treated and aged340–400—80–220—155–2450.0008–0.0017
    Hardened Steel · 45 HRCHardened43–47—————
    Hardened Steel · 50 HRCHardened48–52—————
    Hardened Steel · 55 HRCHardened53–57—————
    Hardened Steel · 60 HRCHardened58–62—————
    Hardened Steel · 65 HRCHardened63–67—————
    A2 Tool Steel · HardenedHardened 57-62 HRC57–62—————
    H13 Tool Steel · HardenedHardened 46-52 HRC46–52—————
    M2 High-Speed Steel · HardenedHardened 62-65 HRC62–66—————
    O1 Tool Steel · HardenedHardened 57-62 HRC57–62—————
    S7 Tool Steel · HardenedHardened 54-58 HRC54–58—————
    52100 Bearing Steel · HardenedHardened 58-64 HRC58–64—————
    4340 Steel · HardenedHardened 48-53 HRC48–53—————
    8620 Steel · Carburized CaseCarburized and hardened case58–62—————
    440C Stainless · HardenedHardened 56-60 HRC56–60—————
    Hardox 400 Wear PlateQuenched plate (~42 HRC)38–46—————
    Chilled Cast IronAs cast380–450—————
    Ni-Hard White IronAs cast550–650—————
    Ductile Iron · Hardened 55 HRCHardened52–58—————

    Common questions

    How do I turn SFM into RPM?
    RPM = SFM × 12 ÷ (π × diameter in inches). The speed and feed calculator does this and caps it at your spindle's limit.
    Are these speeds guaranteed?
    No. HSS bands come from a published reference; carbide speeds and feeds are conservative starting estimates.

    Calculators that use this data

    Speeds & Feeds CalculatorSpeed and feed calculator for every tool type (mills, drills, reamers, taps, thread mills, turning): RPM from SFM, feed rate, chip load, 280+ materials, chip thinning, HSM, your own SFM and chip load, machine limits and partner data.Milling CalculationsMilling speed, feed, chip thinning and HFM geometry.Turning CalculationsLathe RPM, feed per revolution and material removal rate.

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