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Handbook-style reference material — feeds & speeds, threads, fits, GD&T, formulas, safety standards.
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Speeds and feeds by size: tapping · drilling · milling by material
Chromoly steel commonly machined annealed or pre-hard.
Units: SFM
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General-purpose structural aluminum with excellent machinability.
Units: SFM
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Use vernier, dial, and digital calipers with the right expectations for accuracy.
Units: inch or mm
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Calculate feedrate from RPM, flute count, and chip load.
IPM = RPM × Z × IPTUnits: in/min
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A common precision sliding clearance fit for shafts and holes.
Units: metric
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Energy-isolation basics for servicing and maintaining shop equipment.
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Volumetric material removal rate for milling operations.
MRR = WOC × DOC × IPMUnits: in³/min
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Tap drill sizes for standard ISO metric coarse threads.
Tap Drill (mm) = Major Diameter − PitchUnits: mm
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Use an outside micrometer consistently and read the sleeve and thimble correctly.
Units: inch or mm
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National Pipe Taper basics, taper geometry, and common tap drills.
Units: inch
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The most common GD&T control for locating a feature relative to datums.
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Convert surface feet per minute to spindle RPM for a given cutter diameter.
RPM = (3.82 × SFM) / D_inchesUnits: inch
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Austenitic stainless that work-hardens and demands positive feed.
Units: SFM
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Understand TPI, pitch, and common Unified thread classes.
Pitch = 1 / TPIUnits: inch
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Baseline SFM ranges for common turning materials.
RPM = (SFM × 12) / (π × D_workpiece)Units: inch
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Tap drill sizes for common Unified inch threads at about 75 percent thread.
Tap Drill = Major Dia − (1.0825 / TPI)Units: inch
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